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RHK's design elegantly surpasses those based on general purpose, commercially available boards, separate boxes for every function, and a web of cables to contend with when changing experimental setups.
Purpose-Built Hardware, designed and optimized solely for AFM, allows all signal multiplexing, summing, and routing to be handled in the digital domain for ultimate low noise performance.
- Matched and optimized, purpose-built, state-of-the-art electronics
- Frequency resolution increased to 5.4pHz from 730μHz in original PLLPro
- Noise reduced to 4nV/√Hz
- Precision improved via 100MHz 16 bit ADCs and DACs
- No. of high-speed input and output channels doubled compared to PLLPro 1
- Signal accuracy optimized via high-speed single-ended and differential impedance matched
analog inputs and outputs
Used with non-cantilever based AFMs. Drive signals from PLLPro 2 to microscope are sent over impedance-matched, differential cables. Distortion-causing reflections are eliminated and CMRR is maximized to achieve the lowest signal noise and highest signal purity. The UPD contains output buffer to convert drive signal at scan head into single or differential voltages to drive modulation piezo element.
Used with AFMs utilizing a PSD-based detection system. Connected between output of PSD’s four-channel I/V convertor (included) and PLLPro 2. All contact and non-contact AFM measurement modes are made available. Calculates normal and lateral force and normalizes with total signal from PSD’s four quadrants. All high frequency signals from PSD module are connected to the PLLPro 2 via impedance-matched, differential cables. This design eliminates distortion-causing reflections in the cables and maximizes CMRR to guarantee maximum signal fidelity. PSD Module contains output buffer to convert PLLPro 2’s differential, impedance-matched drive signal to single or differential voltages to drive modulation piezo element. Two auxiliary input connections and Interconnecting cables.
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Two 16 bit, 100 MHz ADCs with programmable gain up to x512
Two, 16 bit, 100 MHz DACs
Fully linear power supplies prevent contamination of low-level signals by switching
power supply noise
Ovenized 100 MHz precision oscillator provides superior long-term stability
and repeatability
External clock input allows interface to laboratory reference time base
Ultra low noise oscillator with phase noise below -174 dBc/Hz for ultimate precision
Supports all PLL, Lock-in, Self Oscillation, and contact modes,
including constant excitation, constant signal, and Q-control. Fully
digital phase shifter for maximum stability
Normal Force Normal Force Error Lateral Force PSD Total Signal
Δf Excitation Amplitude (Dissipation) PLL X & Y
Amplitude Phase Lock In X & Y
Contact Potential Difference
Laser Diode Current Laser Diode Power
±5V @ 0.5A +8V @ 0.5A ±15V @ 0.5A
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